New Approaches Based on Building Information Modeling in Construction Projects

Abstract

The construction industry faces significant challenges including cost overruns, schedule delays, and quality issues, largely stemming from traditional project delivery methods and fragmented information exchange. Building Information Modeling (BIM) has emerged as a transformative technology that addresses these challenges through integrated digital representation of building characteristics throughout the project lifecycle. This study investigates the application of 4D and 5D BIM approaches for time and cost optimization in construction projects. A five-story residential building with 2,500 square meters of floor area was modeled using Revit Structure, ETABS, and Navisworks Manage. The research compares two structural systems (reinforced concrete and steel frame) and four roofing systems (flat concrete slab, block-joist slab, steel deck composite slab, and Cobiax voided slab) to determine optimal solutions. Results demonstrate that 4D BIM enables accurate scheduling visualization and critical path analysis, reducing scheduling conflicts by identifying interferences before construction commences. 5D BIM provides precise quantity takeoff and cost estimation, with steel frame structures showing faster construction time (105 days vs. 160 days for concrete) but higher material costs. The Cobiax roof system demonstrated superior construction speed (140-190 days) compared to other systems, while block-joist systems offered the lowest cost. This research confirms that BIM-based approaches significantly enhance project management efficiency, reduce rework, and support informed decision-making by stakeholders. The findings provide practical guidance for construction professionals in selecting optimal structural systems based on project priorities.